If we're interested in knowing the rate at which light energy is received by a unit of area on a particular surface, we're really trying to figure out the a. incandescence. b. luminous flux. c. illuminance of a surface. d. luminous intensity.

C. illuminance of a surface.

a)  Incandescence:  The phenomenon of light emission by a body as a result of high temperature.

B. Luminous flux :  It is the quantity of the energy of the light emitted per second in all directions.

C. Illuminance of a surface :describes the quantity of light emitted by a light source or received at a surface.

D. luminous intensity : the quantity of visible light that a point source radiates in a given direction.

the aurora is formed when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. these collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora.

auroras are generated by charged solar particles hitting molecules in earth's atmosphere. this usually happens in high latitudes, because our planet’s magnetic field tends to funnel these particles toward the poles. that’s why it can be experienced in northern ohio.