Ron fills a beaker with glycerin (n = 1.473) to a depth of 5.0 cm. if he looks straight down through the glycerin surface, he will perceive the liquid to be what apparent depth?

Air is contained in a variable-load piston-cylinder device equipped with a paddle wheel. initially, air is at 400 kpa and 17°c. the paddle wheel is now turned by an external electric motor until 75 kj/kg of work has been transferred to air. during this process, heat is transferred to maintain a constant air temperature while allowing the gas volume to triple. calculate the required amount of heat transfer in kj/kg.