Fenn's research hypothesis is that level of religious observance (following a religion's rules) has an impact on whether individuals identify a religion as part of their central identity. He asks his participants to rate their level
of religious observance, and he then asks them to rate the frequency with which they identify with a particular
religion. He learns that people who report being more observant also report identifying more frequently with
their religious group. Fenn's dependent variable is:
O religious observance
O religion as identity
O there is no dependent variable in this study
O frequency of identifying with a religion