Tess has been admitted to the labor room in active labor at 40 weeks’ gestation. She is complaining of very painful contractions. Her husband Luis is at her side. 1. What causes Tess labor pain? What factors influence Tess labor pain?
2. What are some non-pharmacological pain-relief measures that the nurse can use to help Tess cope with her pain?
With which measures can her husband Luis help?
3. What are some pharmacological measures for pain relief during labor? What are nursing responsibilities involved
in each?

Tess needs to have a C-section right away The baby is probably breached that is why she is having pain. Have her husband hold her hand and tell her to breathe and it is okay.

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The application of an intermittent cryotherapy protocol after mild or moderate ankle sprain significantly reduced the level of subjective pain on activity, one week after the injury, compared with a standard protocol. There was no significant difference in terms of function, swelling, or pain at rest.

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