What is inflammation and what is the underlying mechanism?

Inflammation is a response triggered by damage to living tissues. The inflammatory response is a defense mechanism that evolved in higher organisms to protect them from infection and injury. A coordinated series of common effector mechanisms of inflammation contrib- ute to tissue injury, oxidative stress, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and fibrosis in di- verse target tissues.

Explanation:

the ileocecal valve (also called bauhin valve), which limits the rate of food passage into the cecum and may prevent material from returning to the small intestine.