You are presented with a stack of ECGs on your first day of your cardiology rotation and are given a instruction: "Read them." As you progress through the pile, you note the following abnormalities. Explain from where in the heart or cardiac conduction system each abnormality might have come: a. Absent P waves b. Abnormally long QRS complex c. Abnormally long P-R interval d. Extra QRS complexes

a. Absent p wave is present in atrial fibrillation.

b. Abnormally long QRS complex is present in right or left bundle branch block.

c. Abnormally long PR interval is present in first degree heart block.

d. extra QRS complexes are present in abnormal pacemaker or abnormal conducted beat.

Explanation:

By reading the ECGS we can fine a number of abnormalities by simply locating problems in P, QRS, T waves, PR intervals and ST segments.

Absent P wave in an ECG represents Atrial fibrillation or sinoatrial arrest. Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm  also know as arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart.

Abnormally long QRS complex represents Right or left bundle branch block, hyperkalemia, drug induced or abnormal ventricular rhythm.

Abnormally long PR interval represents heart block. The PR interval reflects impulse conduction from the atria to the ventricles is normal. A long PR interval  indicates a slowing of conduction between the atria and ventricles, usually due to slow conduction through the atrioventricular node (AV node). This is known as first degree heart block.

Extra QRS complexes represents abnormal pacemaker conductivity.

The question is not arranged well,below is the correct arrangement;

You are presented with a stack of ECGs on your first day of your cardiology rotation and are given a instruction: "Read them." As you progress through the pile, you note the following abnormalities. Explain from where in the heart or cardiac conduction system each abnormality might have come;

a. Absent p waves

a. Abnormally long QRS complex

b. Abnormally long P-R interval

c. Extra QRS complexes.

Explanation: This indicated a problem in the sinoatrial node, as it is not generating the depolarization that spreads through the atria to lead to the P wave.

An ECG ( electrocardiogram) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart to show whether the heart is working normally or not.

communicate with the patient and explain every step before proceeding to do so