Which of the following respiratory neural control centers is "always on" (regulating breathing): a. ventral respiratory groupb. pontine centerc. dorsal respiratory groupd. apneustic center

The correct answer is C.

Explanation:

The respiratory center is divided into 3 main groups, the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group, both located in the medulla, and the pontine respiratory group, located in the pons. This last one also divides into two areas: the pneumotaxic and the apneustic center.

During quiet, restful breathing, the dorsal group stimulates the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles for inspiration. Expiration then occurs depending on the elastic recoil of the lungs. When forced expiration is required, the ventral group activates.  

activation of phospholipase c (plc) indirectly increases intracellular ions through inositol triphosphate (ip3).

answer: 900

explanation: