Explain the acid-balance associated with the following etiology and what the physiological effect/rationale for each:
a. increased base bicarbonate
b. decreased base bicarbonate
c. increased carbonic acid (co2)
d. decreased carbonic acid (co2)
e. severe shock sedative or opioid overdose
f. baking soda use as antacid
g. renal failure
h. anxiety
i. fear
j. pain
k. prolonged vomiting
l. prolonged diarrhea
m. hyperventilation/tachypnea