Can someone me understand ratios? like equivalent ratios? i don't remember learning that when i was in school. it's so i can explain it to my 11 year old son for his homework.

Emma will roll two number cubes labeled 1 through 6. she will record the sum of the two numbers after each roll. she will roll the two cubes 540 times. how many times should emma expect the sum to equal 5?

In trapezoid efgh, m∠hef=(4x2+16)∘ and m∠gfe=(5x2+12)∘. find the value of x so that efgh is isosceles. i'm desperate.

Look at the figure below: triangle abc is a right triangle with angle abc equal to 90 degrees. the length of ac is 5 units and the length of ab is 4 units. d is a point above c. triangle adc is a right triangle with angle dac equal to 90 degrees and dc parallel to ab. what is the length, in units, of segment cd?