This property says that xa divided by xb equals xa-b

How can you find the conditional probability of a given b as the fraction of b’s outcomes that also belong to a, and interpret the answer in terms of the model? i just need a good explanation

If x + 10 = 70, what is x? a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70 e. 80

An energy drink company claims that its product increases students' memory levels. to support its claims, the company issues advertisements claiming that 8 out of 10 people (chosen randomly from across the country) who tried their product reported improved memory. the missing component in this study is a .