If sine of x equals 1 over 2, what is cos(x) and tan(x)?

I would look to the all-mighty triangle for this one. SOHCAHTOA where:
sin(x) = opp/hyp
cos(x) = adj/hyp
tan(x) = opp/adj

If sin(x) = 1/2 ... that means that opposite = 1 and hypotenuse = 2. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, we find that the adjacent side equals the square root of 3.
Given this information, we can conclude that:
cos(x) = sqrt(3)/2
tan(x) = 1/sqrt(3)