A small city gets its water supply from three sources: two wells and a small upland reservoir. The well supplies require pumping, and so are more expensive. Reservoir water flows directly to the town by gravity. The town needs a total of 20 mgd (million gallons per day) of water. The cost of water is zero if obtained from the reservoir, $60/million gallons if from Well-field 1, and $30/million gallons if from Well-field 2. The reservoir can deliver 9 mgd; Well-field 1 has a capacity of 25 mgd, and Well-field 2 has a capacity of 3 mgd. (Hint: use the Lagrange multipliers for the last three questions. You can check your answers using Excel solver) a) Formulate this problem in terms of an objective function and constraint(s).
b) Solve the problem by hand using the Lagrange Multipliers, and find the minimum total cost combination of flows from each source, and minimum total cost.
c) How much, annually, should the city be willing to pay to expand the capacity of the reservoir, Well-field 1, and Well-field 2
d) If the city decided to conserve water and the demand decreased from 20 to 19.5 mgd, how much would the city benefit from this conservation?
e) If you had a chance to expand the capacity of reservoir, Well-field 1, or Well-field 2 reservoir, Well-field 1, and Well-field 2 What would be the new cost? which one(y) would you prefer to increase, why?

A small city gets its water supply from three sources: two wells and a small upland reservoir. The well supplies require pumping, and so are more expensive. Reservoir water flows directly to the town by gravity. The town needs a total of 20 mgd (million gallons per day) of water. The cost of water is zero if obtained from the reservoir, $60/million gallons if from Well-field 1, and $30/million gallons if from Well-field 2. The reservoir can deliver 9 mgd; Well-field 1 has a capacity of 25 mgd, and Well-field 2 has a capacity of 3 mgd. (Hint: use the Lagrange multipliers for the last three questions. You can check your answers using Excel solver)

a) Formulate this problem in terms of an objective function and constraint(s).

b) Solve the problem by hand using the Lagrange Multipliers, and find the minimum total cost combination of flows from each source, and minimum total cost.

c) How much, annually, should the city be willing to pay to expand the capacity of the reservoir, Well-field 1, and Well-field 2

d) If the city decided to conserve water and the demand decreased from 20 to 19.5 mgd, how much would the city benefit from this conservation?

e) If you had a chance to expand the capacity of reservoir, Well-field 1, or Well-field 2 reservoir, Well-field 1, and Well-field 2 What would be the new cost? which one(y) would you prefer to increase, why?

Step-by-step explanation: A small city gets its water supply from three sources: two wells and a small upland reservoir. The well supplies require pumping, and so are more expensive. Reservoir water flows directly to the town by gravity. The town needs a total of 20 mgd (million gallons per day) of water. The cost of water is zero if obtained from the reservoir, $60/million gallons if from Well-field 1, and $30/million gallons if from Well-field 2. The reservoir can deliver 9 mgd; Well-field 1 has a capacity of 25 mgd, and Well-field 2 has a capacity of 3 mgd. (Hint: use the Lagrange multipliers for the last three questions. You can check your answers using Excel solver)

a) Formulate this problem in terms of an objective function and constraint(s).

b) Solve the problem by hand using the Lagrange Multipliers, and find the minimum total cost combination of flows from each source, and minimum total cost.

c) How much, annually, should the city be willing to pay to expand the capacity of the reservoir, Well-field 1, and Well-field 2

d) If the city decided to conserve water and the demand decreased from 20 to 19.5 mgd, how much would the city benefit from this conservation?

e) If you had a chance to expand the capacity of reservoir, Well-field 1, or Well-field 2 reservoir, Well-field 1, and Well-field 2 What would be the new cost? which one(y) would you prefer to increase, why?

water molecules will move from the side of higher water concentration to the side of lower concentration until both solutions are isotonic. at this point, equilibrium is reached. in an isotonic solution, the flow of water in and out of the cell is happening at the same rate.

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