What is the volume of the cylinder

According to modern science, earth is about 4.5 billion years old and written human history extends back about 10,000 years. suppose the entire history of earth is represented with a 10-meter-long timeline, with the birth of earth on one end and today at the other end.

Polygon hh is a scaled copy of polygon gg using a scale factor of 1/4. polygon h's area is what fraction of polygon g's area?

Can someone me with #s 8, 9, and 11. with just one of the three also works. prove using only trig identities.