Its my final, please help

At the electronics store you have a coupon for 20% off up to 2 cds you buy for cds with the original cost of $10.99 each the sales tax is 5% what is the total cost of your purchase

Suppose that sahil knows that 45 people with ages of 18 to 29 voted. without using a calculator, he quickly says then 135 people with ages of 30to 49 voted. is he correct? how might sohil have come up with his answer so quickly?

What function has a range {yly< 5}? question on picture above^