When the sun is at 31 above the horizon, a tree casts a 42 ft. shadow. how tall is the tree?

25.2361459992ft

This question can be solved by a trigonometric equation. Shadow formed when something with height like a tree, so it can be pictured as a vertical line. Shadow is a length of and can be pictured as a horizontal line.  
In trigonometric, to find the vertical line length with horizontal line you need tan function. The sun angle will be used in the function, so the calculation would be: tan(31) x 42ft = 25.2361459992ft

For the first question the answer is a, for the second c, for the third d, for the 4th b, for the 5th a