What are the conditions for using the standard deviation formula when working with a sampling distribution of "proportions"?

What is the effect on the graph of the function f(x)=x when f(x) is replaced with -f(x)+4

You are standing next to a really big circular lake. you want to measure the diameter of the lake, but you don't want to have to swim across with a measuring tape! you decide to walk around the perimeter of the lake and measure its circumference, and find that it's 400\pi\text{ m}400? m. what is the diameter dd of the lake?

Agrid shows the positions of a subway stop and your house. the subway stop is located at (-5,2) and your house is located at (-9,9). what is the distance, to the nearest unit, between your house and the subway stop?