Which measure of central tendency is most affected if an outlier is present? and why?

the mean, 

https://socratic.org/questions/which-measure-of-central-tendency-is-most-affected-if-an-outlier-is-p...

your answer is the last one

step-by-step explanation:

divide the length of a'c' by the length of ac to get a scale factor of two

& then reflect vertically (over the y-axis)

so your answer is dilation by a scale factor of 2 followed by reflection over the y-axis