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What properties allow transformation to be used as a problem solving tool

Suppose that in 2008 , 840,800 citizens died of a certain disease assuming the population of teh country is 399 miliion, what is the mortality rate in units of deaths per 100,000 people?

The evening newspaper is delivered at a random time between 5: 30 and 6: 30 pm. dinner is at a random time between 6: 00 and 7: 00 pm. each spinner is spun 30 times and the newspaper arrived 19 times before dinner. determine the experimental probability of the newspaper arriving before dinner.