Carmine buys 8 plates for $1 each. he also buys 4 bowl. each bowl cost twice as much as each plate. the store is having a sale that gives carmine $3 off the bowls. which numerical expression shows how much he spent?

An energy drink company claims that its product increases students' memory levels. to support its claims, the company issues advertisements claiming that 8 out of 10 people (chosen randomly from across the country) who tried their product reported improved memory. the missing component in this study is a .