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Ok in order to find the perpendicular slope you have to take the original magnitude you have to take the negative inverse of it. If a slope is m, the perpendicular slope would be -1/m.
For question 2 the slope is 4, so the perpendicular slope is -1/4.

For question 4 you have the equation 4y + 2x = 16. To find the slope you have to solve for y.
Move the 2x over: 4y= -2x + 16
Divide both sides by 4: y= (-1/2)x + 16
The slope is (-1/2)
Again, take the negative inverse, which leaves you with a slope of 2.
Hope that explains it! If you have any questions feel free to comment.