What is the reason for statement 5 in this proof

Which shows one way to determine the factors of 4x3 + x2 – 8x – 2 by grouping?

It is saturday morning and jeremy has discovered he has a leak coming from the water heater in his attic. since plumbers charge extra to come out on the weekends, jeremy is planning to use buckets to catch the dripping water. he places a bucket under the drip and steps outside to walk the dog. in half an hour the bucket is 1/5 of the way full. what is the rate at which the water is leaking per hour?

Parabolas y=−2x^2 and y=2x^2 +k intersect at points a and b that are in the third and the fourth quadrants respectively. find k if length of the segment ab is 5.