Specify the number of ways to perform the task described. Give your answers using P(n, r) or C(n, r) notation. The key in recognizing whether a problem involves permutations or combinations is deciding whether order is important. A hot sauce bar has 11 varieties. You are going to select 9 to taste, but you do not care about the order in which you taste them.

According to a study conducted in 2015, 18% of shoppers said that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. suppose that in a recent sample of 1500 shoppers, 315 stated that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. at a 5% significance level, can you conclude that the proportion of all shoppers who currently prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products is higher than .18? use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches.