A researcher would like to test the claim that the mean lung capacity of middle-aged smokers is less than the mean lung capacity of senior citizen nonsmokers. Independent random samples of 34 middle-aged smokers and 34 senior citizen nonsmokers will be used in a hypothesis test of this claim, and it is believed that the standard deviations of the lung capacities in the populations of middle-aged smokers and senior citizen nonsmokers are the same. Which test statistic formula should be used for this test

The respiratory system extends from the nose and upper airway to the alveolar surface of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Inhaled tobacco smoke moves from the mouth through the upper airway, ultimately reaching the alveoli. As the smoke moves more deeply into the respiratory tract, more soluble gases are adsorbed and particles are deposited in the airways and alveoli. The substantial doses of carcinogens and toxins delivered to these sites place smokers at risk for malignant and nonmalignant diseases involving all components of the respiratory tract including the mouth.

answer: 1) twenty-seven times y

              2) twenty-seven multiplied by y

529 and 531

step-by-step explanation: