The process used to collect data will of the study. affect the validity and the bias affect only the validity affect only the bias not affect the validity and the bias

affect the validity and the bias

Step-by-step explanation:

Research bias, which can also be referred to as experimenter bias, is a deliberate attempt by a researcher who is carrying out an experiment to influence the research results, so that he/she can obtain a predetermined outcome. He can do this by deliberately tailoring the method of data collection to such methods as suit the achievement of such predetermined outcome. This is called data collection bias in research. Hence the process of data collection affects the bias of a study.

A study is valid if it truly achieves its aim. Validity refers to how correct or incorrect the results of a scientific study is. Validity of a study often depends on the method of data collection. If the correct method of data collection was used during the study, then its results will be valid.

answer: 45

c.

step-by-step explanation: