How would you use a completely randomized experiment in each of the following settings? Is a placebo being used or not? Be specific and give details.

a. A charitable nonprofit organization wants to test two methods of fund-raising. From a list of 1000 past donors, half will be sent literature about the successful activities of the charity and asked to make another donation. The other 500 donors will be contacted by phone and asked to make another donation. The percentage of people from each group who make a new donation will be compared.

b. A tooth-whitening gel is to be tested for effectiveness. A group of 85 adults have volunteered to participate in the study. Of these. 43 are to be given a gel that contains the tooth-whitening chemicals. The remaining 42 are to be given a similar-looking package of gel that does not contain the tooth-whitening chemicals. A standard method will be used to evaluate the whiteness of teeth for all participants. Then the results for the two groups will be compared. How could this experiment he designed to be double-blind?

c. Consider the experiment described in part (a). Describe how you would use a randomized block experiment with blocks based on age. Use three blocks: donors younger than 30 years old. donors 30 to 59 years old. donors 60 and older.

Step-by-step explanation:

a. Two methods of fund raising is being tested here in the first case study. To make a completely randomized experiment. I would use and randomly assign half the population of the 1000 donor sample that will be sent literature about the successful activities of the charity and asked to make another donation to one of the two treatment conditions: which is a sent literature about the successful activities of the charity. While the placebo group would be the other 500 donors contacted by phone and asked to make another donation with no influence whatever from the charity.

b. For the second case study, To make a completely randomized experiment. I would use and randomly assign 43 particupants which are to be given a gel that contains the tooth-whitening chemicals to the treatment condition containing the tooth-whitening chemicals while the placebo group would be the remaining 42 which are to be given a similar-looking package of gel that does not contain the tooth-whitening chemicals.

c. Using three blocks: the completely randomized design experiment would be:

Donors younger than 30 years old:

Sent literature: Yes No

Contact by phone: Yes No

Donors 30 to 59 years old:

Sent literature: Yes No

Contact by phone: Yes No

Donors 60 and older:

Sent literature: Yes No

Contact by phone: Yes No

(Yes means yes to another donation and No means no to another donation)

the perimeter is increased by a factor of 2