Can someone me with these and explain them. i'm so confused.

So to begin solving for these mixed fractions you need to find a common denominator. For the very first problem you need to convert fourths to eighths by multiplying the numerator to whatever you had to multiply the denominator by. In this case its 2 because in order to make 4 into an 8 it needs to multiplied by 2. for now we have a problem that looks like 9 and 1, eighth + 4 and 2, eighths. So now you add the whole numbers together to get 13 and 3 eighths. 

Geometric pattern of 2 i’m guessing. not really sure about what you’re asking but i hope this !