Many companies use well-known celebrities as spokespersons in their TV advertisements. A study was conducted to determine whether brand awareness of TV viewers and the gender of the spokesperson are independent. Each in a sample of 300 TV viewers was asked to identify a product advertised by a celebrity spokesperson. The gender of the spokesperson and whether or not the viewer could identify the product was recorded. The numbers in each category are given below. The appropriate value of Test Statistic is .

Describe how the presence of possible outliers might be identified on the following. (a) histograms gap between the first bar and the rest of bars or between the last bar and the rest of bars large group of bars to the left or right of a gap higher center bar than surrounding bars gap around the center of the histogram higher far left or right bar than surrounding bars (b) dotplots large gap around the center of the data large gap between data on the far left side or the far right side and the rest of the data large groups of data to the left or right of a gap large group of data in the center of the dotplot large group of data on the left or right of the dotplot (c) stem-and-leaf displays several empty stems in the center of the stem-and-leaf display large group of data in stems on one of the far sides of the stem-and-leaf display large group of data near a gap several empty stems after stem including the lowest values or before stem including the highest values large group of data in the center stems (d) box-and-whisker plots data within the fences placed at q1 â’ 1.5(iqr) and at q3 + 1.5(iqr) data beyond the fences placed at q1 â’ 2(iqr) and at q3 + 2(iqr) data within the fences placed at q1 â’ 2(iqr) and at q3 + 2(iqr) data beyond the fences placed at q1 â’ 1.5(iqr) and at q3 + 1.5(iqr) data beyond the fences placed at q1 â’ 1(iqr) and at q3 + 1(iqr)