Drink Tea for a Stronger Immune System
We have seen that drinking tea appears to offer a strong boost to the immune system. In a study extending the results,1 blood samples were taken on 5 participants before and after one week of drinking about five cups of tea a day (the participants did not drink tea before the study started). The before and after blood samples were exposed to e. coli bacteria, and production of interferon gamma, a molecule that fights bacteria, viruses, and tumors, was measured. Mean production went from 155 pg/mL before tea drinking to 448 pg/mL after tea drinking. The mean difference for the 5 subjects is 293 pg/mL with a standard deviation in the differences of 242. The paper implies that the use of the t-distribution is appropriate.
1 Adapted from Kamath, A., et. al., ‘‘Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and non-memory antibacterial cytokine responses," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 13, 2003; 100(10): 6009-6014.
(a) Which method is most appropriate for this analysis?
A. Paired data difference in means
B. Difference in means with two separate groups
(b) Find a confidence interval for the mean increase in production of interferon gamma after drinking tea for one week.
step-by-step explanation:
12: 00 p.m. to 7: 00 p.m. is a total of 7 hours.
4: 00 p.m. to 7: 00 p.m. is a total of 3 hours.
this means that from 4: 00 p.m to 7: 00 p.m. this represents 3/7 of what was lost from 12: 00 p.m. to 7: 00 p.m.
after knowing this, after doing 11,600 - 6,800 = 4,800
4,800 represents 3/7 of what was lost for 7 hours.
we then divide 4,800 by 3 which gets 1,600.
because we know that 1,600 represents 1/7 of how much water was lost, we just have to multiply by 7, which gets 11,200. after adding 11,200 to how much water was left at 7: 00 p.m. which was 6,800. 11,200 + 6,800 = 18,000
this means that the pool originally had 18,000 gallons in the pool.
you can also check your work by doing 18,000 - 4(1600), which becomes 1800 - 6400 which gets you 11,600.
We have seen that drinking tea appears to offer...