Seats for english physics and mathematics in a school are in the ration 5:7:8. there is a proposal to increase these seats by 40%,50% and 75% respectively. what will be the ratio of increased seats

According to a study conducted in 2015, 18% of shoppers said that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. suppose that in a recent sample of 1500 shoppers, 315 stated that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. at a 5% significance level, can you conclude that the proportion of all shoppers who currently prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products is higher than .18? use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches.