In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is 5 and the fourth term is 40. find the second term.

The equation for finding the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is,
                                an = a1 + (n - 1) x d
where a1 is the first term and d is the common ratio. Using the given term,
                               40 = 5 + (4 - 1) x d
The value of d is 11.67. For the second term,
                                a2 = 5 + (2 - 1) x 11.67 = 16.67
Thus, the second term is 16.67. 

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since the cosine is the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse, you can see that cos 60° = ½. answer. according to the property of cofunctions (topic 3), sin 30° is equal to cos 60°. sin 30° = ½.