H(x) = f(x) − c a horizontal shift of f, c units to the right a vertical shift of f, c units down a horizontal shift of f, c units to the left a vertical shift of f, c units up

a vertical shift of f, c units down

Step-by-step explanation:

Given:

- A function h(x) is defined as:

                                   h(x) = f(x) − c

Find:

- The effect of "c" on the f(x) function.

Solution:

- The effect of adding or subtracting any constant to or from a given function f(x) shifts the f(x) value for all values of x by an amount "c"

- This effect can be modeled on a graph by a "vertical shift" i.e there is an increase/decrease in every "y" value by amount "c" units.

- In the case given we see that "c" units have been subtracted from original f(x).

- Meaning, all f(x) values have decreased for every value of x. This can be categorized as vertical shift of f(x) with "c" units down.

20

step-by-step explanation: