Derive the validity of universal form of part(a) of the elimination rule from the validity of universal instantiation and the valid argument called elimination in Section 2.3.

Step-by-step explanation:

Derive the validity of universal form of part(a) of the elimination rule from the validity of universal instantiation and the valid argument called elimination in Section 2.3.

P(x)∨Q(x)

~Q(x)

∵ P(x)

Universal Instantiation has the following argument form

∀ x ∈ D, P (x)

P(a) for a particular a∈D

Universal Elimination Rule:

∀x, P(x)

∵~ P(a)

Here is a particular value.

P(a) For a particular  a∈D

Since the universal elimination is same as universal instantiation.

Therefore, Universal elimination is valid when universal instantiation and elimination rule are  valid

answer:

the position of equilibrium will shift to the left.

step-by-step explanation:

the general equation for the dissociation of a weak base is

b + h₂o   ⇌   bh⁺ + oh⁻

according to le châtelier's principle, when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will respond in a way that tends to relieve the stress.

if you apply a stress by adding more bh⁺ or oh⁻,   the system will respond by moving in a direction that gets rid of the added ions.

the position of equilibrium will shift to the left, forming more of the undissociated base.

i cant see the graph

step-by-step explanation: