Erythropoietin (EPO) is a banned drug used by athletes to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of their blood. New tests for EPO were first introduced prior to the 2000 Olympic Games held in Sydney, Australia. Chance (Spring 2004) reported that of a sample of 830 world-class athletes, 159 did not compete in the 1999 World Championships (a year prior to the introduction of the new EPO test). Similarly, 133 of 825 potential athletes did not compete in the 2000 Olympic games. Was the new test effective in deterring an athlete from participating in the 2000 Olympics? If so, then the proportion of nonparticipating athletes in 2000 will be more than the proportion of nonparticipating athletes in 1999. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate the new test was effective in deterring an athlete's participation in the 2000 Olympics at alpha=0.10