3. Point M is located at (4, 6) on a coordinate grid. Point M is translated 8 units to the left and 9 units down to create point M′. Which measurement is closest to the distance between point M and point M′ in units?

A 4 units
B 17 units
C 9 units
D 12 units

Identify all the cases where non-probability sampling is used when attempting to study the characteristics of a large city. studies on every subject in the population divide a population in groups and obtain a sample studies with a limited amount of time demonstrate existing traits in a population studies with the nth person selected