DISCRETE MATHEMATIC

Q1 - Q3 are word problems given as a sequence of hypotheses/
premises ending with "Therefore conclusion". Show that each
word problem is a valid argument.
Use rules of inference to show steps and reasons in the proof.

1) If I take a bus or subway then I'll be late for my
appointment.
If I take a taxi then I will be on time for my appointment and
I will be broke. If I don't take the subway and don't take a bus
then I will take a taxi. I will not be late for the appointment.
Therefore, I will be broke.

The conclusion "T" logically follows from the premises given and the argument is valid

Step-by-step explanation:

Let us use notations to represent the steps

P: I take a bus

Q: I take the subway

R: I will be late for my appointment

S: I take a taxi

T: I will be broke

The given statement in symbolic form can be written as,

(P V Q) → R

S → (¬R ∧ T)

(¬Q ∧ ¬P) → S

¬R

∴ T

PROOF:

1. (¬Q ∧ ¬P) → S                Premise

2. S → (¬R ∧ T)                  Premise

3. (¬Q ∧ ¬P) → (¬R ∧ T)    (1), (2), Chain Rule

4. ¬(P ∨ Q) → (¬R ∧ T)      (3), DeMorgan's law

5. (P ∨ Q) → R                   Premise

6. ¬R                                 Premise

7. ¬(P ∨ Q)                        (5), (6), Modus Tollen's rule

8. ¬R ∧ T                          (4), (7), Modus Ponen's rule

9. T                                   (8), Rule of Conjunction

Therefore the conclusion "T" logically follows from the given premises and the argument is valid.

since your problem is x^4 = 81, what you have to undeo is the "to the fourth power" part.

the inverse (opposite operation) of "to the fourth power" is "to the fourth root".

  (x^4) ^ ¼   = 81 ^ ¼  

  81 = 3^4     so (3 ^ 4) ^ ¼   =   3 ^ 1   = 3

by hand: (3 ^ 4) ^ ¼   =   3 ^ (4 x ¼) = 3 ^ 1   = 3   (when you take a power to a power, multiply the exponents.)

or, do it by calculator. one way of finding the fourth root is to use ^ (1/4)

step-by-step explanation: