A genetic experiment involving peas yielded one sample of offspring consisting of 420 green peas and 174 yellow peas. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that under the same circumstances, 23% of offspring peas will be yellow. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method and the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution.

a. What is the test statistic?
b. What is the critical value?

a)  

b) For this case we need to find a critical value that accumulates of the area on each tail, we know that , so then , using the normal standard table or excel we see that:

Since the calculated value is higher than the critical value we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis at 1% of significance.

Step-by-step explanation:

Data given and notation

n=420+174=594 represent the random sample taken

X=174 represent the number of yellow peas

estimated proportion of yellow peas

is the value that we want to test

represent the significance level

Confidence=99% or 0.99

z would represent the statistic (variable of interest)

represent the p value (variable of interest)  

Concepts and formulas to use  

We need to conduct a hypothesis in order to test the claim that the true proportion of yellow peas is 0.23:  

Null hypothesis:  

Alternative hypothesis:  

When we conduct a proportion test we need to use the z statisitc, and the is given by:  

(1)  

The One-Sample Proportion Test is used to assess whether a population proportion is significantly different from a hypothesized value .

Calculate the statistic  

Since we have all the info requires we can replace in formula (1) like this:  

Statistical decision  

It's important to refresh the p value method or p value approach . "This method is about determining "likely" or "unlikely" by determining the probability assuming the null hypothesis were true of observing a more extreme test statistic in the direction of the alternative hypothesis than the one observed". Or in other words is just a method to have an statistical decision to fail to reject or reject the null hypothesis.  

The significance level provided . The next step would be calculate the p value for this test.  

Since is a bilateral test the p value would be:  

So the p value obtained was a very low value and using the significance level given we have so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

b) Critical value

For this case we need to find a critical value that accumulates of the area on each tail, we know that , so then , using the normal standard table or excel we see that:

Since the calculated value is higher than the critical value we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis at 1% of significance.

c.

step-by-step explanation:

because first you have to add the 4x, 9x, and the 7x together and you get 20x and then you add the last numbers up and you get 5and then you put the subtraction sign in there and that's how you get the answer.