Each card in a deck has a positive integer written on one side. bjorn and dagmar each draw two cards and divide the number on the first card by the number on the second card to calculate their score. did bjorn get a higher score than dagmar?
(1) if bjorn had drawn the same two cards in the opposite order, his score would have been lower than dagmar’s score.
(2) the first card dagmar drew had a greater number than her second card.

Agroup of student volunteers participates in a study designed to assess several behavioral interventions for improving output in a repetitive task. prior to the beginning of the study, all volunteers unknowingly observed, and their output is measured. at the beginning of the study, prior to any intervention, the volunteers perform the same task under the observation of a study administrator, and their overall output increases. which of the following terms describes this phenomenon? a. simpson's paradox b. hawthorne effect are d. novelty effect d. pygmalion effect e. observer-expectancy effect