Accounting procedures allow a business to evaluate their inventory costs based on two methods: lifo (last in first out) or fifo (first in first out). a manufacturer evaluated its finished goods inventory (in $000s) for five products with the lifo and fifo methods. to analyze the difference, they computed (fifo − lifo) for each product. we would like to determine if the lifo method results in a lower cost of inventory than the fifo method.
product fifo (f) lifo (l)
1 225 221
2 119 100
3 100 113
4 212 200
5 248 245
what are the degrees of freedom

In a study of the relationship between socio-economic class and unethical behavior, 129 university of california undergraduates at berkeley were asked to identify themselves as having low or high social-class by comparing themselves to others with the most (least) money, most (least) education, and most (least) respected jobs. they were also presented with a jar of individually wrapped candies and informed that the candies were for children in a nearby laboratory, but that they could take some if they wanted. after completing some unrelated tasks, participants reported the number of candies they had taken. it was found that those who were identiď¬ed as upper-class took more candy than others. in this study, identify: (a) the cases, (b) the variables and their types, (c) the main research question, (d) identify the population of interest and the sample in this study, and (e) comment on whether or not the results of the study can be generalized to the population, and if the ď¬ndings of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.