Determine whether the following study is an observational study or an experiment. if the study is an experiment, identify the control and treatment groups, and discuss whether single- ordouble-blinding is necessary. if the study is observational, state whether it is a case-control study, and if so, identify the cases and controls. in a study done at a university, researchers took snapshots of 4300 white adults every four years for 28 years and determined that 9 out of 10 men and 6 out of 10 women will eventually become overweight. choose the correct answer below.

a. observational study; case control; the cases are the adults that became overweight, the controls are the adults that did not

b. experiment; the control group is the men, the treatment group is the women; not blinded

c. experiment; the control group is the adults who did not become overweight, the treatment group is the adults that becameoverweight; single blind

d. observational study; not case-control

e. experiment; the control group is the adults who did not become overweight, the treatment group is the adults that becameoverweight; double blind

Study published in the journal of personality and individual differences found that adults with adhd displayed more creative achievement than those who didn't have the disorder. "for the same reason that adhd might create problems, like distraction, it can also allow an openness to new ideas," says holly white, assistant professor of cognitive psychology. "not being completely focused on a task lets the mind make associations that might not have happened otherwise." white and priti shah at the university of michigan gave 60 college students – half of them with adhd – a series of tests measuring creativity across 10 domains. the adhd group scored higher across the board. the adhd group showed more of a preference for brainstorming and generating ideas than the non-adhd group, which preferred refining and clarifying ideas. the adhd status of the participants was established by asking whether the individual had ever been clinically diagnosed with adhd/add. the tests of creativity were pencil-and-paper tasks administered in a laboratory setting. each of the ten scales was comprised of multiple questions, the scores on which were summed (e.g., writing creativity: "how many words can you make from the letters in the word 'psychology' invention creativity: "write down as many uses for a paper clip that you can think of.") this procedure does allow for a participant to be scored as showing no creativity under these conditions. a) state the research question in plain language (i wonder if is related to (1 point) b) state the null hypothesis (1 point) c) state the research hypothesis (1 point) d) is the research hypothesis directional or non-directional (1 point) e) name the predictor / independent variable f) give the operational definition of the predictor / independent variable g) evaluate the construct validity of the predictor / independent variable. (face, procedure, method-match) h) name the outcome / dependent variable i) give the operational definition of the outcome / dependent variable. j) evaluate the construct validity of the outcome / dependent variable. (face, procedure, method-match)