Aresearcher who has used evidence collected from a sample of college students to conclude that average hours of sleep per night is related to gpa for all college students has engaged in testing.

Hypothesis Testing

Step-by-step explanation:

According to my research on different experimental designs, I can say that based on the information provided within the question the researcher has engaged in what is known as Hypothesis Testing. This is the process of designing an experiment involving variables to test a certain hypothesis in order to conclude whether it is true of not.

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introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.