Mathematics, 23.08.2019 02:10 hmjjones

The circumference of a sphere was measured to be 80 cm with a possible error of 0.5 cm. a) use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated surface area (round your answer to the nearest integer) and evaluate the relative error (round your answer to three decimal places). b) use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated volume (round your answer to the nearest integer) and evaluate the relative error (round your answer to three decimal places).

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Answer from: SketchWasTaken

A) The maximum error in the calculated surface area: 25cm^2

Relative error: 0.013

B) The maximum error in the calculated volume: 162cm^2

Relative error: 0.019

Step-by-step explanation:

A) The formula for the surface area is:

$A=4\pi r^2$

The measured value is the circumference which is equal to:

$C=2\pi r$

then the radius is:

$r=\frac{C}{2\pi}$

Substituting in the formula of the surface:

$A=4\pi(\frac{C}{2\pi})^2\\A=4\pi(\frac{C^2}{4\pi^2})\\A=\frac{C^2}{\pi}$

Using the formula to calculate the error:

dy=f'(x)dx

Where is the variable measured and is a function of ( y=f(x) ).

$dA=f'(C)dC\\dA=\frac{2C^{(2-1)}}{\pi}dC\\dA=\frac{2C}{\pi}dC$

We have C=80cm and dC=0.5cm

$dA=\frac{2C}{\pi}dC\\dA=\frac{2(80)}{\pi}(0.5)\\dA=\frac{160}{\pi}(0.5)\\dA=50.9296(0.5)\\dA=25.4648\approx25cm^2$

The relative error is the maximum error divide by the total area. The total area is: $A=\frac{C^2}{\pi}=\frac{(80)^2}{\pi}=\frac{6400}{\pi}=2037.1833cm^2$

$\frac{dA}{A}=\frac{25.4648}{2037.1833} =0.0125\approx0.013$

B) The formula for the volume is:

$V=\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Using $r=\frac{C}{2\pi}$

$V=\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3\\V=\frac{4}{3} \pi (\frac{C}{2\pi})^3\\V=\frac{4}{3} \pi (\frac{C^3}{8\pi^3})\\V=\frac{1}{3}(\frac{C^3}{2\pi^2})\\V=\frac{C^3}{6\pi^2}$

The maximum error is:

$dV=\frac{3C^{3-1}}{6\pi^2}dC\\dV=\frac{C^{2}}{2\pi^2}dC\\dV=\frac{(80)^{2}}{2\pi^2}(0.5)\\dV=\frac{6400}{2\pi^2}(0.5)\\dV=\frac{6400}{2\pi^2}(0.5)\\dV=(324.2278)(0.5)\\dV=162.1139\approx162cm^2$

The calculated volume is:

$V=\frac{C^3}{6\pi^2}\\V=\frac{(80)^3}{6\pi^2}\\V=\frac{512000}{6\pi^2}\\V=8646.0743$

The relative error is:

$\frac{dV}{V}=\frac{162.1139}{8646.0743}=0.0188\approx0.019$

Answer from: Quest

a) $ 9.50

b) 17

c) y-intercept (0, 12). this is the initial amount of money that joe had prior to playing any game.

d) x-intercept ( 24, 0). this is the number of games that joe will play before he depletes the initial amount of money that he had.

e) slope is -0.5. joe's balance will reduce by 0.5 for every game that he plays.

domain; [0,24]

range; [0,12]

g) x + 2y = 24

step-by-step explanation:

if joe plays 5 games, this will imply that x = 5. substitute x = 5 in the equation and solve for y;

y = -.50x + 12

y = -0.50(5) + 12

y = 9.50

if joe leaves the arcade with $3.50, this will mean that y = 3.50. plug in y = 3.50 in the given equation and solve for x;

y = -.50x + 12

3.50 = -0.50x + 12

0.50x = 12 - 3.50

0.5x = 8.5

x = 17

the function given is y = -.50x + 12.

the y-intercept is the point where the graph of this function will intersect the y-axis. at this point, the value of x is usually 0. plug in x = 0 in the given equation and determine y;

y = -0.50(0) + 12

y = 12

the y-intercept is thus (0, 12). this is the initial amount of money that joe had prior to playing any game.

the x-intercept refers to the point where the graph of a function intersects with the x-axis. at this point, the value of y is 0. substitute y = 0 in the given equation and solve for x;

0 = -.50x + 12

0.5x = 12

x = 24

x-intercept ( 24, 0). this is the number of games that joe will play before he depletes the initial amount of money that he had.

the slope of the given equation is -0.5. the equation has been given in slope-intercept form. thus the slope is simply the coefficient of x.

joe's balance will reduce by 0.5 for every game that he plays. this is the interpretation of the slope.

domain is the set of x values for which the function is real and defined. the domain will thus be; [0,24]. this will restrict the balance to only assume positive values.

on the other hand, the range is the set of y values for which a function is real and defined. the range in our case will be [0,12]. joe can have between $0 and $12 balance.

the standard form of the equation of a straight line is;

ax + by = c

where a, b, and c are integers.

our equation is given as;

y = -.50x + 12

re-writing the equation we have;

0.5x + y = 12

divide all through by 0.5;

x + 2y = 24

Answer from: Quest

C+19÷-17=17c+(-1.11764706)=17c=.11764706)c=18.1176471