Can someone me understand how it simplifies to the second equation

The u-drive rent-a-truck company plans to spend $13 million on 320 new vehicles. each commercial van will cost $25 comma 000, each small truck $50 comma 000, and each large truck  $80 comma 000. past experience shows that they need twice as many vans as small trucks. how many of each type of vehicle can they buy?

Tim's phone service charges $26.39 plus an additional $0.21 for each text message sent per month. if tim's phone bill was $31.64, which equation could be used to find how many text messages, x, tim sent last month?

Atextile fiber manufacturer is investigating a new drapery yarn, which the company claims has a mean thread elongation of 12 kilograms with a standard deviation of 0.5 kilograms. the company wishes to test the hypothesis upper h subscript 0 baseline colon mu equals 12 against upper h subscript 1 baseline colon mu less-than 12 using a random sample of n equals 4 specimens. calculate the p-value if the observed statistic is x overbar equals 11.8. round your final answer to five decimal places (e.g. 98.76543).