part 3. below are some symbolized arguments in standard form. some of them are fallacies of affirming the consequent (ac), denying the antecedent (dn), or undistributed middle (um). identify each by writing the abbreviation in the blank. if an argument is none of these forms, write n. this section asks you to stretch what you know into a new kind of problem. use what you know from the homework and sections 1 and 2 of this exam to solve them. (4 points each, 20 total)
1. 1. ( b & c ) ? d ~ ~ (b & c)
2. ( b & c ) ? d ~ ( b & c ) ~ d
3. ~ c ? a ~ a
4. c ? i c
5. d ? c d ? c