Two cards are drawn without replacement from standard deck of 52 cards. what is the probability that the first card is a spade and the second card is a heart and are these events independent?

103 / 204; yes, they are independent events

1 / 17; no, they are dependent events

1 / 2; yes, they are independent events

13 / 204; no, they are dependent events

13 / 204; No, they are dependent events

Step-by-step explanation:

Total number of cards in the deck = 52

Total number of spades in the deck = 13

Total number of hearts in the deck = 13

Part 1: Calculating the Probability

Picking up the first card:

When picking the first card i.e spade, we have the option to pick 13 cards out of 52. So the probability will be 13/52

When first card is picked, the total number of cards will be reduced to 51 because we are not placing the card back in the deck

Picking up the second card:

When picking up the second card i.e. heart, we have the option to pick 13 cards out of 51. So the probability will be 13/51

The probability of picking a spade and then a heart is = 13/52 x 13/51 = 13/204

Part 2: Independent or Not

Note that, picking up a spade and not replacing it back is changing the probability of picking up a heart. In normal cases, picking up a heart from a deck will have the probability of 13/52, but since the we are not placing the card back the probability is changed to 13/51

Since, the probability of picking a heart is being changed by the previous event, we say that the two events are dependent.

Therefore, the correct answer will be final option: 13 / 204; No, they are dependent events

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