An independent-measures research study produces a t statistic with df = 20. what is the total number of individuals who participated in the study?

The answer is: " 21 ".

Twenty-one (21) individuals participated in the study.

Explanation:

In this case:

"degrees of freedom" {df) = n - 1 = 20 ;

in which:

"n" refers to the "sample size" ;

that is ; the "total number of individuals who participated in the study" .

" n - 1 = 20 " ; Solve for "n" ;

Add "1" to each side of the equation:

n - 1 + 1 = 20 + 1 ;

n = 21 ;

The answer is: " 21 ".

4 and 5)16.97 or 12√2

6)15.59 or 9√3

7)y = 15.59 or 9√3     x =27

8)17.80