Which of the following was the primary means by which people ensured their safety prior to the creation of formal police departments?
a. hired assassins
b. reliance on the king or leader for protection
c. coming together to be collectively responsible for each other
d. designated volunteers who protected villages and families

d. designated volunteers who protected villages and families

Explanation:

Often called vigilantes, they were individual volunteers designated to protected villages and families prior to the creation of formal police.

They were seen as heroes in those communities, as they acted in the safety interest of their communities.

answer:

it doesnt make sense bro make more sense

explanation:

i gotcha bud, the answer is d

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