By the 1860s, the united states had the most expansive franchise in the world, meaning that :

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

the deaths of over a million communist soldiers

post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans