What did malcolm x believed was undermining the economic freedom of african americans

Lack of business ownership by African Americans

Malcolm X was a promoter of black nationalism -- not merely seeking integration within a white-dominated society, but taking pride in themselves as black persons and operating as a black society.  Malcolm X said:  "The economic philosophy of black nationalism puts the burden upon the black man of learning how to control his own economy" -- rather than always striving to find jobs and economic opportunities at the hands of white America.

The market had lost much of its value.