The japanese navy approved a preemptive strike against the u. s. navy at pearl harbor because it

Was the element of surprise and had the opportunity to destroy the American navy

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful