In 1865 new elected representatives from reconstructed southern states werea. welcomed by congress. b.forced to sign a document supporting johnson. c.not allowed to take their seats in the house and senate. d.all republican. 

the completion of the erie canal spurred the first great westward movement of american settlers, gave access to the rich land and resources west of the appalachians and made new york the preeminent commercial city in the united states.

answer; andrew jackson approved nullification by signing it into law,and john calhoun opposed it saying it was unconstitutional;